http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/22 2026-04-20T23:08:26Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1292 Knowledge and associated factor of low back pain patients: A cross sectional study Jannat, Noor E Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a major contributor to global disability, affecting people of all ages and occupations. Persistent LBP places a significant burden on healthcare systems, reduces work productivity, and diminishes quality of life. Although modifiable risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor ergonomics, and obesity, are widely recognized, public awareness and preventive behavior remain inconsistent. Common misconceptions, including the overreliance on rest and painkillers, continue to obstruct effective management. Objectives: This study aimed to assess LBP knowledge and identify associated factors among patients in Bangladesh. Specific objectives included evaluating knowledge levels, examining correlations between demographics and lifestyle, identifying misconceptions, analyzing preventive behaviors, and assessing the roles of education and healthcare accessibility. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) in Savar, Bangladesh. A total of 120 adult patients diagnosed with LBP were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via structured face-to-face interviews using the validated Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LBPKQ). Descriptive statistics (means, SDs, percentages) and inferential tests (chi-square) were used to analyze associations between knowledge and other variables using SPSS. Results: The mean age was 35.6 years (SD=11.6), with 57.5% male participants. Most (63.3%) were urban residents, and 80.8% had education above the secondary level. The mean LBPKQ score was 9.11/24 (SD=3.53), indicating moderate knowledge. Pain was reported daily by 66.7%, and 60% sat for more than 6 hours/day. Significant associations were observed between pain frequency and both occupation (p<0.001) and sedentary behavior (p<0.001). Only 4.2% used ergonomic tools, while 44.2% did not adjust posture during work. Stress was recognized by 55.8% as a pain trigger. Discussion: The study reveals moderate LBP knowledge but critical gaps in ergonomics and preventive practices. Sedentary lifestyles, inadequate workplace setups, and persistent misconceptions were significant contributors. Interventions must focus on ergonomic training, awareness campaigns, and psychosocial support. Keywords: Low back pain, health literacy, ergonomics, sedentary lifestyle, occupational health, Bangladesh. This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2025-07-16T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1291 Prevalence of neck pain in smartphone users of the undergraduates Kripa, Nishat Tasnim Background: In our digital era, smartphone usage has escalated dramatically. Concurrent with the rising prevalence of smartphones, musculoskeletal issues related to extensive smartphone usage have also escalated. Neck flexion is the predominant position assumed by smartphone users while engaging with visual display terminals for prolonged durations; this posture may result in neck diseases. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to examine musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the neck in smartphone users to validate the high prevalence of neck discomfort. The study also seeks to ascertain the link and correlation between neck pain and smartphone users. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed with 215 students aged 18 to 25 years experiencing neck pain and impairment attributed to smartphone usage. Data were gathered via structured face-to-face interviews employing validated instruments: the NPRS score for measuring neck pain intensity, the WHODAS 2.0 (12-item questionnaire) score for evaluating neck-related impairment, and the NPDS score for assessing neck pain and disability linked with smartphone use. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square tests, and Spearman's rank correlation test were conducted utilizing SPSS 30. Results: Of the 215 BHPI undergraduates surveyed, 88.4% reported experiencing neck pain for more than 30 days, while 85% indicated moderate to severe level of pain during smartphone usage. Disability scores were primarily classified as mild to moderate. Notable correlations were identified between increased pain intensity and female gender (χ²=28.705, p=0.018) as well as elevated BMI (χ²=36.284, p=0.028). The quantity of pillows used in sleep ergonomics was associated with pain (χ²=15.725, p=0.001). The position of the smartphone below eye level and the type/outcome of treatment were substantially correlated with pain/disability. The level of smartphone related pain exhibited a moderate correlation with overall neck pain severity (r=0.351, p<0.001), whereas prolonged smartphone usage duration showed a minor correlation with increased disability (WHODAS r=0.188, p=0.006; NPDS r=0.225, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study establishes a considerable incidence of neck discomfort among student smartphone users, revealing strong correlations between neck pain intensity and variables such as gender, BMI, duration, and smartphone usage position. Keywords: Neck pain, Smartphone, Disability, Undergraduates. This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2025-07-16T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1290 Effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the management of patients with Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Srabonty, Nirjona Rohman Background: Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain (HSP) is a common and disabling complication after stroke, hindering recovery and quality of life. While conventional physiotherapy is standard in rehabilitation, its effect on HSP is often limited. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), a non-invasive electrotherapy, has shown promise for pain relief in neurological conditions, but its specific role in HSP, especially in low-resource settings like Bangladesh, is not well established. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TENS combined with conventional physiotherapy in reducing shoulder pain, improving range of motion (ROM), and minimizing spasticity in stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at CRP, Savar, with 30 stroke patients with HSP. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (TENS + physiotherapy, n=15) or control group (physiotherapy only, n=15) over 16 sessions. Outcome measures included the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and goniometric assessment of Active and Passive ROM. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 with t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. Results: Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in pain, disability, and ROM (p<0.05). However, only the experimental group showed a statistically significant reduction in disability scores (p=0.006), while the control group did not (p=0.120). Between-group comparisons revealed no significant difference in MAS or ROM post-intervention (p>0.05), though the combined use of TENS yielded better overall improvements in functional outcomes. Discussion: TENS combined with physiotherapy offers added benefits in reducing pain and improving function in HSP patients. Although no significant differences were observed in spasticity and ROM between the groups, the experimental group showed greater improvement in disability, suggesting the potential value of integrating TENS in post-stroke rehabilitation protocols. Further large-scale studies are needed. Keywords: Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Range of Motion This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2025-07-16T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1289 Effectiveness of the McKenzie Treatment Protocol booklet for the patients suffering with Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial Salsabil, Humaira Background: Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a condition characterized by the anterior slippage of one vertebral body over another, often leading to mechanical instability and pain. Congenital abnormalities, degenerative alterations, trauma and stress fractures are some of the causes of this disorder. The L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels of the spine are where it is most frequently seen. Nowadays it was a major problem in our country which has a tendency to recurrent injury where Mckenzie flexion exercise seems to be effective to prevent recurrency. Objectives: The objectives of this study to evaluate e the effectiveness of a booklet on Mckenzie treatment protocol for Lumber Spondylolisthesis (LS) patients. Methodology: Experimental study design was used in this study. 30 patients with Lumber Spondylolisthesis were randomly allocated into two groups from outdoor musculoskeletal unit, CRP. Among them 15 patients were assigned into experimental group received Mckenzie treatment protocol booklet with conventional physiotherapy and another 15 into control group received only conventional physiotherapy. Total treatment sessions were 4 weeks. Double blinding procedure was used during data collection. Outcome measurement tools: Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain intensity and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) used to measure functional disability. Analysis of data: Inferential statistics such as Mann-Whitney U test for between groups ODI, Unpaired t test for between groups VAS, Paired t test for within group VAS and Wilcoxon test was done for within group ODI using SPSS version 25. Results: It was found that pain intensity had reduced and functional disability improved both between and within group. Conclusion: Mckenzie treatment protocol booklet along with conventional physiotherapy has the ability to improve the effects than only conventional physiotherapy in Lumber Spondylolisthesis patients. This exercise proved beneficial when combined with conventional physiotherapy to minimize disability level and prevent recurrence, reduction of pain and improvement of function. Keywords: Lumber Spondylolisthesis, McKenzie treatment protocol booklet and Conventional physiotherapy. This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy, Bangladesh Health Professions Institute, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2025-07-16T00:00:00Z