Depression, anxiety, and stress among stroke survivors and their caregivers living in selected Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh.

Abstract

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality globally, often leaving survivors with long-term physical, emotional, and psychosocial challenges. These issues are particularly severe in humanitarian settings such as refugee camps, where healthcare services are limited. Despite the high burden, there is limited evidence regarding the psychological health of stroke survivors and their caregivers in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh. Objective: This study aimed to measure depression, anxiety, and stress levels among stroke survivors and their caregivers in selected Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in three conveniently selected Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The sample comprised 197 stroke survivors and 195 caregivers (aged ≥18 years), who provided consent. Data were collected through structured questionnaires. The primary instrument was the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), a standardized 21-item self-report inventory. Result: The study revealed disturbingly high and severe psychological distress among both stroke survivors and their caregivers. Among survivors, 82.2% reported severe depression, 77.2% severe anxiety, and 64.5% severe stress. Among caregivers, 48.7% had severe depression, 66.7% severe anxiety, and 32.3% severe stress. Significant associations were found between disability level, family support and psychological outcomes for survivors, and education level, for caregivers. Conclusion: This study illustrates an alarming burden of depression, anxiety, and stress among stroke survivors and their caregivers in Rohingya refugee camps. Results highlight the significant importance of integrating culturally sensitive mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) into health and rehabilitation services. Keywords: Stroke survivors, caregivers, depression, anxiety, stress, Rohingya refugee camps, rehabilitation, Bangladesh.