Learning Disability among the School going Children: A Cross-Section Survey in the Community of Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is mainly related to nervous system and how the brain works is known as neurobiology. It is categorized mainly by difficulties with accurate word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. The difficulties such as recognition or accurate words or spelling the words or the decoding of the words are mainly caused by the shortfall of phonological components of the language from their cognitive ability and due to the delivery of effective classroom instructions. The consequences also include problems in reading comprehension or the reading experience that hampers and delays the growth of language and the vocabulary and the background knowledge. Objective: The general objective of this study is to find out the status of learning disability or difficulties among the school going children. Where the specific objectives are (a) To determine the number of students who are at risk of developing learning disability/dyslexia in Special School and Normal School based on Dyslexia Test Score. (b) To find out the relationship between socio-demographic factors and Learning Disability. (c) To compare the student’s characteristics in Special School and Normal School. Methodology: The study was selected and designed using descriptive cross-sectional study to conduct this study to fulfill the aims and objectives of the research. This study was the suitable method to find out the objectives of the study as the study analyzes the data from the population selected during the defined time period. With this design the researcher collects the information from the students as cross-sectional studies are observational in nature in descriptive way in which it cannot be predict the cause of the thing or a disease reflected in the information from the population without changing the variables in order to collect the primary data to support additional in the research used to find out the result by SPSS version 21 Results: The result shown on in the study were the school children in Special School and Normal School are aged between 7-16 years old. The total number of sample collected was 147. The comparison between prevalence of dyslexia among Special School and Normal School children. In Special School, 88% participants tell that they have dyslexia and 12% participants said that they don’t have dyslexia. In Normal School, 90.9% children’s have dyslexia and remaining 9.1% participants don’t have dyslexia. Normal School children are slightly higher than Special Children in dyslexia xi participants. In Special School, the participants are higher in Special School as compare to Normal School children those who don’t have dyslexia. The prevalence of students is at more risk of developing learning disability in Normal School than Special School. The result of the study revealed that even though 58-62% of dyslexia students displays the 32 dyslexia symptoms. The study results show that dyslexia students are really have difficulties in reading. Conclusion: It is found out that the children learning mentally effects the psychology and affect the later part of their life to develop and motivate to improve their life and help themselves. Facilitating them by reading to improving both speed and comprehension in a groups of students facing difficulties with the poor reading and writing. It is said that the early identification and intervention can prevent the most serious (learning) difficulties later on or at least we can reduce the severity of the problem. ‘Going to school phobia’, ‘afraid from the teacher phobia’ and ‘somatic complaints’ that they say during the school days are also a sign of a possible learning disability. Keywords: Learning Disability, Dyslexia, Student.